DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
Direct
and Indirect Speech, yang juga kita kenal dengan istilah lain yaitu Reported
Speech. Direct Speect adalah kalimat yang diucapkan secara langsung oleh
pembicara dan jika ditulis kalimat tersebut akan diberi tanda kutip. Sedangkan
Indirect Speech adalah kalimat yang kita laporkan kepada orang lain secara
tidak langsung dan tanpa diberi koma. Tense yang harus kita perhatikan dalam
pola ini yaitu:
Direct
Speech:
Ø
Simple
Present Tense
Ø
Present
Continuous Tense
Ø
Present
Perfect Tense
Ø
Present
Perfect Continuous Tense
Ø
Simple
Past Tense
Ø
Simple
Future Tense
Ø
Future
Continouos Tense
Ø
Conditional
Indirect
Speech:
Ø
Simple
Past Tense
Ø
Past
Continuous Tense
Ø
Past
Perfect Tense
Ø
Past
Perfect Continuous Tense
Ø
Past
Future Tense/Conditional
Ø
Past
Future Continuous Tense (Conditional Continuous)
Ø
Conditional
Kalau
reported speech berhubungan dengan kebenaran umum atau fakta yang sudah menjadi
kebiasaan, present indefinite atau simple present dalam reported speech tidak
diubah ke dalam bentuk lampau yang sesuai, melainkan tetap persis sebagaimana
adanya.
Perubahan adverb of time (keterangan waktu) yang
perlu diperhatikan :
Direct : Indirect :
Now Then
Today That
day
Tonight That
night
This
week That
week
Yesterday The
day before
The
day before yesterday Two
days before
Last
night The
night before
Last
week/year The
previous week/year
A
year ago A
year before/The previous year
Three
years ago Three
years before
Tomorrow The
next day/The following day
The
day after tomorrow In
two day’s time/The following day
Next
week/year The
following week/year
On
Sunday On
Sunday
Here There
This
book The
book
This That
These Those
Over
there Over
there
*etc.
Perubahan – perubahan auxiliaries (kata bantu) yang
harus diperhatikan :
Can Could
May Might
Might Might
Must Would have to (kegiatan yang
akan datang)/had to (keharusan yang biasa)
*etc.
Direct and Indirect Speech ada 3 macam:
1.
Statement (Pernyataan) yang menggunakan “that”
2.
Command (Perintah) menambahkan kata “to” sebagai
penghubung kalimat melaporkan dengan yang dilaporkan. “not to” dalam perintah
negatif.
3.
Question (Pertanyaan) jika kalimat dari jenis “yes or
no question”, maka bentuk laporannya menggunakan if atau whether.
Catatan: Past Tense kadang-kadang
tidak berubah dalam percakapan.
Contoh Direct and Indirect speech :
1.
Direct : He said, “The sun rises in the east”
Indirect : He said that the sun rises in the
east.
2.
Direct : The man said, “I must mend the wall next
week”
Indirect : The man said that he would have to
mend the wall the following week.
3.
Direct : He said, “we will go to Singapore tomorrow”
Indirect : He said that they would go to
Singapore the next day.
4.
Direct : Anton asked me, “what’s happening to you ?
You look so pale”
Indirect : Anton asked me what was happening
to me as I looked so pale.
5.
Direct : Dwi asked me, “Do you really love me?”
Indirect : Dwi asked me whether I really
loved her.
